Of Particular Significance

Tag: cosmic speed limit

Recently a reader, having read my post about why the speed of light seems so fast, sent me two questions that highlight important cosmic issues.

  1. Is there in fact anything within physics as it’s presently understood that indeed prevents […] there existing something other than atoms as some basic “unit”?
  2. I’ve long wondered why it is that despite the seeming brilliance of humans at building such complex understanding, we are still pushing at such limits as the time it would take to fly a space ship to another galaxy. Is it really true that nothing could ever exceed ‘c’ and thus we are indeed doomed to take lifetimes to travel beyond our solar system? Or is it because we have not yet discovered something much more fundamental about the universe, such as an ‘alternative to’ the atom?

These deep questions are examples of an even broader pair of questions about reality.

  • Which aspects of the cosmos are contingent?—in that one could easily imagine a similar universe in which these details are thoroughly altered.
  • Which aspects of the cosmos appear rock solid?—in that they are so deeply integrated into the universe that it is difficult to imagine changing them without ruining everything.
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Picture of POSTED BY Matt Strassler

POSTED BY Matt Strassler

ON October 28, 2024

This is my second post on the subject of why “the speed of light (in empty space)”, more accurately referred to as “the cosmic speed limit”, is so fast. This speed, denoted c, is about 186,000 miles (300,000 km) per second, which does indeed seem quick.

But as I pointed out in my first post on this subject, this isn’t really the right question, because it implicitly views humans as centrally important and asks why the cosmos as strange. That’s backward. We should instead ask why we ourselves are so slow. Not only does this honor the cosmos properly, making it clear that it is humans that are the oddballs here, this way of asking the question leads us to the answer.

And the answer is this: ordinary atomic material, from which we are made, is fragile. If a living creature were to move (relative to the objects around it) at speeds anywhere close to c, it couldn’t possibly survive its first slip and fall, or its first absent-minded collision with a door frame.

Today I’ll use a principled argument, founded on basic particle physics and its implications for atomic physics, to show that any living creature made from atoms will inevitably view the cosmic speed limit as extremely fast compared to the speeds that it ordinarily experiences.

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Picture of POSTED BY Matt Strassler

POSTED BY Matt Strassler

ON October 3, 2024

I’m often asked two very natural and related questions.

  1. Why is the speed of light, usually denoted c, so astonishingly fast?
  2. Why, in Einstein’s famous equation relating energy and mass — E=mc2 — does c2, a gargantuan number, appear?

It’s true that the speed of light does seem fast — light can travel from your cell phone to your eyes in a billionth of a second, and in a full second and a half it can travel from the Earth to the Moon.

And indeed the energy stored in your body is comparable to the Earth’s most explosive volcanic eruptions and to the most violent nuclear bombs ever tested — enormously greater than the energy you use to walk across the room or even to lift a heavy suitcase.

What in the name of physics — and chemistry and biology — is responsible for these bewildering features of reality? The answer is fascinating, and originates in particle physics and the resulting structure of matter. It is surprisingly intricate, though, so I’m going to approach this step-by-step over three blog posts. Here’s the first.

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Picture of POSTED BY Matt Strassler

POSTED BY Matt Strassler

ON October 1, 2024

How confident can we be that light’s speed across the universe is really constant, as I assumed in a recent post? Well, aspects of that idea can be verified experimentally. For instance, the hypothesis that light at all frequencies travels at the same speed can be checked. Today I’ll show you one way that it’s done; it’s particularly straightforward and easy to interpret.

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Picture of POSTED BY Matt Strassler

POSTED BY Matt Strassler

ON February 27, 2024

Nothing goes faster than the speed of light in empty space, also known as the cosmic speed limit c. Right? Well, umm… the devil is in the details.

Here are some of those details:

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Picture of POSTED BY Matt Strassler

POSTED BY Matt Strassler

ON February 20, 2024

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