Of Particular Significance

I’ve been quite busy with some physics research this week, but I have nevertheless managed to finish a new article on electrons, part of my Structure of Matter series, which aims (among other things) to introduce a non-expert to particle physics, step-by-step.  The completion of this article feels like a significant step for this website.  After all, the electron was the first subatomic particle and the first of the apparently-elementary particles to be discovered, about 115 years ago, and its discovery really gave birth to the field of particle physics we know today.  Moreover, it was the failure to describe the behavior of electrons within and outside of atoms that forced physicists to go beyond Newtonian views of physics processes, and introduce the theory of quantum mechanics.  Electrons, tiny as they are, are enormous in human life; they play a key role in all chemical reactions, including those that sustain our bodies.  Beyond that, they lie at the heart of much modern technology — electronics!  And there’s more.  So no particle physics website can be complete without an electron webpage.

Looking ahead, a question I sometimes get asked is whether I’m sure electrons (or any other elementary particles that physicists talk about) really exist.  After all, it is true I’ve never seen a picture of one taken with any sort of microscope!  Well, in answer to this question, I want to write an article on why we particle physicists are so confident that electrons (and atomic nuclei) exist… explaining the types of experiments and the types of logical reasoning that lead to this conclusion.  I suspect a lot of readers will find such an article interesting; after all, why should one take expert knowledge for granted just because it appears in a textbook or on a website?  Readers should demand to know where the knowledge came from — and a writer should be prepared to answer.

Picture of POSTED BY Matt Strassler

POSTED BY Matt Strassler

ON January 24, 2013

My rather hasty, breathless and inconsistent summaries (#1, #2 and #3) of last week’s talks at the excellent Higgs Symposium (held at the University of Edinburgh, as part of the new Higgs Center for Theoretical Physics) clearly had their limitations.  So I thought it might be useful to give a more organized overview, with more careful language appropriate for non-expert readers, of our current knowledge and ignorance concerning the recently discovered Higgs-like particle (which most of us do believe is a Higgs particle of some type, though not necessarily of the simplest, “Standard Model” type.)

I’m therefore writing an article that tries to put the questions about the Higgs-like particle into a sensible order, and then draws upon the talks that were given at the Symposium to provide the current best answers. About half of the article is done, and you’re welcome to read it.  Due to other commitments, I won’t probably get back to finish it until next week.  But “Part 1” is long enough that it will take some time for most readers to absorb anyway…

Picture of POSTED BY Matt Strassler

POSTED BY Matt Strassler

ON January 17, 2013

I’ve been adding to my series of layperson’s articles on The Structure of Matter, which eventually will serve as an introduction to particle physics for those coming to this site for the first time. You might recall that in early December I supplemented my older article on molecules with an article on atoms. I got some terrific reader feedback, in the form of incisive constructive criticism, which allowed me to greatly improve the latter article. Well, readers, you’ve got another chance to help me out if you would like to — or you can just enjoy the read. I have three new articles (two of them short) which were put up over the last few weeks. These are:

Incidentally, the next stage in this series will be to describe electrons, and then I will turn to atomic nuclei, to the neutrons and protons that they contain, and eventually to the quarks and gluons that make up the neutrons and protons.

Picture of POSTED BY Matt Strassler

POSTED BY Matt Strassler

ON January 15, 2013

By almost all measures, the Higgs Symposium at the University of Edinburgh, as part of the new Higgs Centre for Theoretical Physics, was a great success.  The only negative was that Professor Peter Higgs himself had a bad cold this week, and had to cancel his talk, as well as missing the majority of the talks by others.  Obviously all of us in attendance were very disappointed not to hear directly from him, and we wish him a speedy recovery.

Other than this big hole in the schedule, the talks given at the symposium seemed to me to form a coherent summary of where we are right now in our understanding of the Higgs field and particle.  They were full of interesting material, and wonderfully complementary to one another.  This motivates me to try to provide, for non-experts, some future articles on what the conference attendees had to say.  But to write such articles well takes time.  So for now, here’s the quick version summarizing the last few talks, along the lines of the summaries I wrote (here and here) of the earlier talks.  The slides from all the talks are posted here.

Here we go: (more…)

Picture of POSTED BY Matt Strassler

POSTED BY Matt Strassler

ON January 14, 2013

Day 2 of the Higgs Symposium is flying by, with very interesting presentations… and with little time for me to finish the last details of my own talk for tomorrow.  (Tomorrow’s program includes a talk by Professor Peter Higgs himself!)  But here’s a quick summary.

In my last post I mentioned a couple of the early talks; here’s a bit more about the later talks from yesterday, and then a bit about the first part of today.  Caveat: all descriptions below are brief and necessarily incomplete! (more…)

Picture of POSTED BY Matt Strassler

POSTED BY Matt Strassler

ON January 10, 2013

I’m enjoying my first visit to Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom, as a visitor at the new Higgs CenterCentre (it is the UK after all) for Theoretical Physics, recently founded in honor of Professor Peter Higgs and of the discovery of a candidate Higgs particle at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).  Today is the first day of the Higgs Symposium, a three-day workshop organized by the centre (and co-sponsored by the IPPP) that is celebrating the history of and the science behind (and ahead) of the recent discovery.  (I’ll be speaking on Friday.)

There was a quick introduction by Richard Ball, the centre’s director — who was the first one to show a photo of a blackboard containing the equations of Higgs’ work, along with an great old photo of Peter Higgs from the days when he was writing his famous papers, dug out of the records at the University of Edinburgh.  (Experts: For a Higgs doppelganger, see here.) Then a set of hour-long talks began.  The first of these was a wonderful historical talk, looking back over 50 years, by Chris Llewellyn Smith.  Professor Llewellyn Smith played a significant role in the Higgs discovery, with his contributions ranging from showing in the 1970s why a Higgs particle is necessary if quantum field theory (the types of equations we use today to describe particles) is correct, to pushing for the LHC to be built while head of the CERN Council and then as Director General of CERN in the 1990s.   If time permits, I’ll may describe later a few of the fascinating historical twists that he described — though I’m afraid that most of them would be of interest mainly to experts in the field.  For the moment, those interested may want to read his article that appeared in the journal Nature in 2007, entitled “How the LHC came to be“, which covers some related issues.

Following this we have so far had talks by Joe Incandela (spokesman of the CMS experiment) and Eilam Gross (co-convener of the Higgs search group at ATLAS) summarizing the experimental situation.  As expected, there wasn’t anything new announced here; the talks involved an overview (for the audience of mostly theorists, including quite a few students) of how the measurements are done, and a review of previously announced results.  I’ll describe a few interesting details of their talks later today or tomorrow.

Picture of POSTED BY Matt Strassler

POSTED BY Matt Strassler

ON January 9, 2013

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